Depression is a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities These feelings may be accompanied by somatic complaints, such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, restlessness or lethargy, and decreased concentration

Hypopigmentation is a decrease in normal skin, hair, mucous membrane, or nail color resulting from deficiency, absence, or abnormal degradation of the pigment melanin This sign may be congenital or acquired, asymptomatic or associated with other findings

Paralysis, the total loss of voluntary motor function, results from severe cortical or pyramidal tract damage It can occur with a cerebrovascular disorder, degenerative neuromuscular disease, trauma, tumor, or central nervous system infection

Asthma is a syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction that varies markedly, both spontaneously and with treatment Narrowing of the airways is usually reversible, but in some patients with chronic asthma there may be an element of irreversible airflow obstruction

COPD includes emphysema, an anatomically defined condition characterized by destruction and enlargement of the lung alveoli; chronic bronchitis, a clinically defined condition with chronic cough and phlegm; and small airways disease, a condition in which small bronchioles are narrowed Epidemiology: COPD is the fourth leading cause of death and affects more than 16 million persons in the United States

Urge incontinence can be treated in one or more of the following ways: 1 Behavioral techniques Bladder training People are taught to "hold on" for increasing amounts of time and to void at regular, scheduled intervals

Urinary incontinence is the inability to control urination Types: There are five types urinary continence: Stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overflow incontinence, mixed incontinence and functional or environmental incontinence

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic (long-term) disease in which arteries become inflamed It is also known as Takayasu's aortitis, pulseless disease and aortic arch syndrome

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is comprised primarily of three related conditions - chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema In each condition there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airways and out of the lungs, and the obstruction generally is permanent and may be progressive over time

COPD symptoms from smoking: • Typically, after smoking 20 or more cigarettes a day for more than twenty years, patients with COPD develop a chronic cough, shortness of breath (dyspnea), and frequent respiratory infections Emphysema symptoms of COPD: • In patients affected predominantly by emphysema, shortness of breath may be the major symptom